Combining logic with probability theory provides a solid ground for the representation of and the reasoning with uncertain knowledge. Given a set of probabilistic conditionals like “If A then B with probability x”, a crucial question is how to extend this explicit knowledge, thereby avoiding any unnecessary bias. The ...

Already well before the arrival of the Internet and the world wide web, distance teaching universities were established in various countries. Using the ubiquitous availability of the WWW and advances in modern information and communication technologies, new and exciting online learning offerings like Udacity are now ...

In this paper, we give an introduction to reasoning under uncertainty, inconsistency, vagueness, and preferences in artificial intelligence (AI), including some historic notes and a brief survey to previous approaches.

Conditionals like “birds fly—if bird then fly” are crucial for commonsense reasoning. In this technical project report we show that conditional logics provide a powerful formal framework that helps understanding if-then sentences in a way that is much closer to human reasoning than classical logic and allows for high-quality ...